USS West Virginia (BB-48) in World War II

The final ship of the Colorado-class of battleship, USS West Virginia (BB-48) entered service in 1923. Though built at Newport News, VA, it became a fixture in the Pacific for the majority of its career. West Virginia was present at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, when the  Japanese attacked. Struck by seven torpedoes and two bombs, the battleship sank at its berth and later had to be refloated. Following temporary repairs, West Virginia was sent to Puget Sound Navy Yard in May 1943 for a large-scale modernization program. Emerging in July 1944, West Virginia rejoined the fleet and participated in the Allies island-hopping campaign across the Pacific before taking part in the Battle of the Surigao Strait. In the engagement, it, and several other Pearl Harbor survivors, exacted revenge on Japanese. Though sustaining a kamikaze hit on April 1, 1945 while supporting the invasion of Okinawa, West Virginia remained in position off the island. The battleship remained active through the end of hostilities. Design The fifth and last edition of Standard-type battleship  (Nevada, Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and Tennessee) designed for the US Navy, the Colorado-class was a continuation of the preceding series of vessels. Developed prior to the construction of the Nevada-class, the Standard-type approach called for vessels that had common operational and tactical traits. These included the use of oil-fired boilers rather than coal and the employment of an  Ã¢â‚¬Å"all or nothing† armor scheme. This protection method called for critical parts of the battleship, such as magazines and engineering, to be heavily protected while less important spaces were left unarmored. In addition, Standard-type battleships were to have a tactical turn radius of 700 yards or less and a minimum top speed of 21 knots.    Though largely similar to the preceding Tennessee-class, the Colorado-class instead mounted eight 16 guns in four twin turrets rather than twelve 14 guns in four triple turrets. The US Navy had been advocating the use of 16 guns for several years and after successful tests of the weapon, conversations began regarding their use on the earlier Standard-type designs. This did not move forward due to the cost involved in changing these designs and increasing their tonnage to carry the new guns. In 1917, Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels reluctantly permitted the use of 16 guns on the condition that the new class not incorporate any other major design changes. The Colorado-class also mounted a secondary battery of twelve to fourteen 5 guns and an anti-aircraft armament of four 3 guns.    Construction The fourth and final ship of the class, USS West Virginia (BB-48) was laid down at Newport News Shipbuilding on April 12, 1920. Construction moved forward and on November 19, 1921, it slid down the ways with Alice W. Mann, daughter of West Virginia coal magnate Isaac T. Mann, serving as sponsor. After another two years of work, West Virginia was completed and entered commission on December 1, 1923, with Captain Thomas J. Senn in command.   USS West Virginia (BB-48) - Overview Nation:  United StatesType:  BattleshipShipyard:  Newport News Shipbuilding CorporationLaid Down:  April 12, 1920Launched:  November 19, 1921Commissioned:  December 1, 1923Fate:  Sold for scrap Specifications (as built) Displacement:  33,590  tonsLength:  624  ft.Beam:  97.3 ft.Draft:  30  ft., 6 in.Propulsion:  Turbo-electric transmission  turning 4 propellersSpeed:  21  knotsComplement:  1,407  men Armament (as built) 8 Ãâ€" 16  in. gun (4  Ãƒâ€" 2)12  Ãƒâ€" 5 in. guns4 Ãâ€" 3 in. guns2 Ãâ€" 21 in. torpedo tubes Interwar Years Completing its shakedown cruise, West Virginia departed New York for Hampton Roads. While underway, issues emerged with the battleships steering gear. This underwent repairs at Hampton Roads and West Virginia attempted to put to sea again on June 16, 1924.   While moving through Lynnhaven Channel, it grounded following another equipment failure and the use of inaccurate charts. Undamaged, West Virginia again underwent repairs to its steering gear before departing for the Pacific. Reaching the West Coast, the battleship became flagship of the Battleship Divisions of the Battle Fleet on October 30. West Virginia would serve a stalwart of the Pacific battleship force for the next decade and a half.   The following year, West Virginia joined other elements of the Battle Fleet for a goodwill cruise to Australia and New Zealand. Moving through routine peacetime training and exercises during the late 1920s, the battleship also entered the yard to have its anti-aircraft defenses enhanced and the addition of two aircraft catapults. Rejoining the fleet, West Virginia continued it normal operations. Deploying to Hawaiian waters in April 1940 for Fleet Problem XXI, which simulated a defense of the islands, West Virginia and the rest of the fleet were retained in the area due to increasing tensions with Japan. As a result, the Battle Fleets base was shifted to Pearl Harbor. Late the following year, West Virginia was one of a select number of ships to receive the new RCA CXAM-1 radar system. Pearl Harbor On the morning of December 7, 1941, West Virginia was moored along Pearl Harbors Battleship Row, outboard of USS Tennessee (BB-43), when the Japanese attacked and pulled the United States into World War II. In a vulnerable position with its port side exposed, West Virginia sustained seven torpedo hits (six exploded) from Japanese aircraft. Only rapid counter-flooding by the battleships crew prevented it from capsizing. The damage from the torpedoes was exacerbated by two armor-piercing bomb hits as well as a massive oil fire started following the explosion of USS Arizona (BB-39) which was moored aft. Severely damaged, West Virginia sank upright with little more than its superstructure above the water. In the course of that attack, the battleships commander, Captain  Mervyn S. Bennion, was mortally wounded. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his defense of the ship.    Rebirth In the weeks after the attack, efforts to salvage West Virginia commenced. After patching the massive holes in the hull, the battleship was refloated on May 17, 1942 and later moved to Drydock Number One.   As work commenced 66 bodies were found trapped in the hull. Three located in a storeroom appear to have survived until at least December 23. After extensive repairs to the hull, West Virginia departed for Puget Sound Navy Yard on May 7, 1943. Arriving, it underwent a modernization program that dramatically altered the battleships appearance. This saw the construction of a new superstructure which included trunking the two funnels into one, a greatly enhanced anti-aircraft armament, and elimination of the old cage masts. In addition, the hull was widened to 114 feet which precluded it from passing through the Panama Canal. When complete, West Virginia looked more similar to the modernized Tennessee-class battleships than those from its own Colorado-class. Return to Combat Completed in early July 1944, West Virginia conducted sea trials out of Port Townsend, WA before steaming south for a shakedown cruise at San Pedro, CA. Completing training later in the summer, it sailed for Pearl Harbor on September 14. Pressing on to Manus, West Virginia became flagship of Rear Admiral Theodore Ruddocks Battleship Division 4. Departing on October 14 with Rear Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorfs Task Group 77.2, the battleship made its return to combat operations four days later when it began bombarding targets on Leyte in the Philippines.   Covering the landings on Leyte, West Virginia provided naval gunfire support for the troops ashore.   When the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf began, West Virginia and Oldendorfs other battleships moved south to guard the Surigao Strait. Meeting the enemy on the night of October 24, the American battleships crossed the Japanese T and sank two Japanese battleships (Yamashiro Fuso) and a heavy cruiser  (Mogami). Following the battle, the Wee Vee as it was known to its crew, withdrew to Ulithi and then to Espiritu Santo in the New Hebrides.   While there, the battleship entered a floating dry dock to repair damage sustained to one of its screws during operations off Leyte.   Returning to action in the Philippines, West Virginia covered landings on Mindoro and served as part of the anti-aircraft screen for transports and other ships in the area. On January 4, 1945, it took on the crew of the escort carrier USS  Ommaney Bay which was sunk by kamikazes. A few days later, West Virginia commenced shore bombardment of targets in the San Fabian area of Lingayen Gulf, Luzon. It remained in this area until February 10.   Okinawa Moving to Ulithi, West Virginia joined the 5th Fleet and quickly replenished in order to take part in the invasion of Iwo Jima. Arriving on February 19 as the initial landings were underway, the battleship quickly assumed a position offshore and commenced striking Japanese targets. It continued to support operations ashore until March 4 when it departed for the Caroline Islands. Assigned to Task Force 54, West Virginia sailed to support the invasion of Okinawa on March 21. On April 1, while covering the Allied landings, the battleship sustained a kamikaze hit which killed 4 and wounded 23. As the damage to West Virginia was not critical, it remained on station. Steaming north with TF54 on April 7, the battleship sought to block Operation Ten-Go which included the Japanese battleship Yamato. This effort was halted by American carrier planes before TF54 arrived. Resuming its naval gunfire support role, West Virginia stayed off Okinawa until April 28 when it departed for Ulithi.   This break proved brief and the battleship quickly returned to the battle area where it remained until end of the campaign in late June.   Following training in Leyte Gulf in July, West Virginia returned to Okinawa in early August and soon learned of the end of hostilities. Steaming north, the battleship was present in Tokyo Bay on September 2 for the formal Japanese surrender. Embarking passengers for the United States twelve days later, West Virginia touched at Okinawa and Pearl Harbor before reaching San Diego on October 22. Final Actions After taking part in Navy Day festivities, West Virginia sailed for Pearl Harbor on October 30 to serve in Operation Magic Carpet. Tasked with returning American servicemen to the United States, the battleship made three runs between Hawaii and the West Coast before receiving orders to proceed to Puget Sound. Arriving, on January 12, West Virginia commenced activities to deactivate the vessel. A year later on January 9, 1947, the battleship was decommissioned and placed in reserve. West Virginia remained in mothballs until being sold for scrap on August 24, 1959.

The Industries Of The Hospitality Industry - 1583 Words

Professional Plan Alexi Kondratuk Comm. 115 Ms. Neal July 16, 2015 Abstract This research papers describes the various Industries of the hospitality industry. The three I discuss are Food service managers, Lodging managers, and Chefs and Head Cooks. The vibrant and rapidly growing industry has highly demanded positions across the world. The various tasks and responsibilities of each career field are detailed. Information regarding the salary and projected growth rates of these individual careers is listed. I discuss why a certain career worked for me and the how it will benefit me in my lifelong learning experience. After reading, this may influence you to possibly consider a career in hospitality management.†¦show more content†¦Restaurant managers have the task of choosing a team that functions as a working unit. They must be fluent with product and labor costs. Knowing restaurant demographics aids in reduction product loss and waste. Managers must listen to their employees and establish a mutual respect. There is also the need to be techn ology savvy, and stay current with market trends. Based on the wage information for food service managers, it does not deter me from pursuing this career field. Based on data, the higher your degree the more likely you are to have a higher salary (O*NET, 2015). I am planning on obtaining a bachelor’s degree in hospitality management in order to obtain this higher salary, and work in a more reputable business. I love to entertain people, and see people have a good time. I know being a Food service manager I can work somewhere where my purpose is to provide people with a pleasurable experience. I want to have a career that does not feel like work, rather a lifelong passion. In order to be a successful Food service manager you need to have continuous training. Staying current on what types of food and drink products are marketable. Knowing how to listen and effectively communicate with your customers aids in sales. Managers must also stay ServSafe certified and up to date on OSHA rules and regulations. I believe this would be the perfect career for me after I graduate. I have a passion for great food and entertaining people. Staying current in food

Start-up Company in any Economy High Business Risks

Question: Discuss about a new start-up company in any economy initially suffers from high business risks and also from the lack of proper investment? Answer: Introduction:- Entrepreneurship is more vital, creative and dynamic sector than any other sector of the economy. However, during the past thirty years in most of the countries in this word, it has been observed that the creation of most of the new ventures by the start-up entrepreneurs has been failed. Entrepreneurship consists the process of planning, organizing, operating and risk bearing of a business venture. Starting a business by a new entrepreneur is not easy. The startup process of an entrepreneur requires the blend of courage, self-confidence and skills; on which the success and failure of an enterprise depend on (Anderson, 2012). In this whole world, there are many types of entrepreneurial business and the start-up processes of these different kinds of entrepreneurial business are different. To fill a dozen of business plans, any start-up entrepreneurs will have to bear enough risks. There are no start-up ideas that can expect a risk-free plan. There are innumerable barriers for the new v entures set up by the existing companies. Hence, for the success of new ventures set up there is a need for a blend of old and new organizational traits and a subtle mix of characteristics through the balancing acts. The companies have to keep those forces in equilibrium; otherwise the emerging business will flounder (Aras and Crowther, 2012). There are different risks related to start-up of a new entrepreneur such as:- The investors of private companies always prefer to invest in the old, big and reputed companies than the new one to avoid the market risk. Even the friends and relatives of the start-up entrepreneurs, dont want to invest in these new ventures. Investors always like to invest in the successful ventures than the start-up ventures. Sometimes the start-up entrepreneurs have no idea about the goal of starting a new business or company (Barrow, Barrow and Brown, 2012). Hence, the start-up entrepreneurs have to deal with deal with different kinds of issues while staring a new business. Among the many start-up strategies, most of the times the entrepreneurs prefer to go for the Hungry start-up strategy which means creating new ventures with unlimited vision but limited resource. To get a start-up off the ground, a new company requires long hours and low pay. According to the Brew Dogs story, there are six hungry start-up strategy choices that can be followed by any new entrepreneurs:- Set goals: - First of all a new entrepreneur should set his goal before starting a new venture. That is the entrepreneur should first decide that what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce. Pick markets: - Secondly, the entrepreneurs should try to pick the market by developing different types of business strategies and through expanding their business beyond their located area (Venture Capital for Africa, 2012). Raise capital: - To continue and expand the business, the entrepreneur should try to raise the capital by taking loans from the banks or selling share or debenture of their company to the public. Build team: - To maintain a good working environment, after start-up a new venture, the entrepreneurs should build a team of efficient employees or workers. Gain share: - The new entrepreneurs always try to gain the market share by adopting different types of marketing strategies or techniques. Adapt to change: - The new entrepreneur should adopt some changes to compete with the other successful entrepreneurs in the world market. To start-up a new venture, an entrepreneur should follow these six strategies and should also look for the big companies in which to train by following the hungry start-up strategy of big companies as the start-up training guides (Blogsdelagente.com, 2015). Literature Review:- As the new entrepreneurs are new in the market, they always try to follow the strategy or business guidelines as followed by the big successful entrepreneurs. This follow-up process by the new entrepreneurs is always treated as taking the training from the big entrepreneurs, and the business guidelines of the big entrepreneurs are also treated as the training guidelines (Bradford, Erickson and McDonald, 2012). To turn themselves into good start-up training grounds by adopting the capabilities that spur start-up success, the big companies has adopted the three strategies, such as:- Exploit and explore:- The big or the Aspiring entrepreneurs always try to provide training to a new organization such as American Express and IBM under Gerstner, Landmark Communication under Batten, etc. This refers to the Bushman's work on the ambidextrous organization (Scarborough, 2012). Design capability:- Klebahn and the PG design expert Claudia Kotchka have developed this idea in which the big companys CEO choose to make an internal design-thinking capability that is a process that starts by observing the performing activities of the customers and it ends with the new products that are produced to meet their needs that depend on the iterative prototyping. From most of the people in the company, this capability will initially encounter the great resistance. The core business units are not able to meet their financial targets and as a result, more eager for new ideas that can put out the fire threatening to incinerate the careers of the new ventures. Hence, they will open the learning design thinking. If this design thinking can produce a turnaround by putting out the fire, then the other part of the organization will be driven by goal to find the path to apply the design thinking to their own organization or business (Bryson and Daniels, 2015). Culture of Frugal Experimentation:- This is the idea of Cook. According to Cook, innovation can become part of the everyones job with the use of right internal mechanisms and methodologies. There is a creation of idea of collaboration portal that allows the employees to suggest their new ideas and after receiving the feedbacks from others at intuiting, they should revise the ideas and get staffing and in this case there will be no intervention from the managers. Moreover, a design thinking methodology is adopted by the Intuit, based on testing the new hypothesis after receiving the feedbacks on the inexpensive prototypes. From this feedback the big entrepreneurs to take the decisions that whether they will invest in new ideas or not (Burrow and Bosiljevac, 2012). Three cases of the big companies to train the start up CEOS for expanding their new business:- To judge the effective of the process where to start-up a new venture an entrepreneur is looking for the big companies in which to train by following the hungry start-up strategy of big companies as the start-up training guides, three cases of three companies can be considered where the big companies provide the training to start-up companies (Dz wigo, 2015). Case-1: - The creation of Frugal Experimentation by Cook:- According to Cook, the big companies should create a culture of the frugal experimentation which includes the innovation of new business strategies and to create a good working environment for the employees which helps to attract the new employees as well as the new ventures. There are several stories where the intuits have succeeded in inventing new business by creating a new innovative working environment to encourage the employees or the entrepreneurs to with the new business hypothesis or ideas and they usually test them by getting feedback from the customers (Hampton, 2001). In this case the following three things are beneficial for the start-up venture such as:- The big company provides full liberalization to the trainee entrepreneurs to freely [use their inventive power. It helps to create a culture of experimentations among the beginner entrepreneurs. The new entrepreneurs can easily take the decision that whether they should pursue or cancel the innovation projects after analyzing the consumers feedback about the new intervention strategy (Runge, 2009). Cook has suggested eight steps to generate the culture of innovation. These are as follows:- Leaders vision: - The CEOs of new start-up companies should have a new and innovative vision, that they cannot back to the old way and will always thinking about the new way. Strategy by experiment: - The big companies encourage their trainee CEOs to conduct the data base experiments by collecting data on the customers behavior (Robbins, 2004). Leap-of-faith assumptions: - The trainee CEOs can make two or three hypothetical assumptions and can test them with customers in a very short period with a very low cost. Numeric hypothesis: - The CEOs should estimate the number of new employees who will order the new products. Experimental run: - Then an experiment should be run by the new employees to judge whether the numerical estimation is right or wrong. Analysis of variances: - The CEOs should analyze the gap between the hypothesis and the actual result to take the new innovative strategy to reduce the gap (Wallis, 2012). Surprise celebration: - There may be some surprised market signals that cannot be initially detected by the start-up companies. The CEOs are trained to recognize these market surprises (Harvard Business Review, 2006). Decision-making: - Finally a decision should be made by the executives, whether they want to pursue the idea or will go for the new ideas. Case-2: - Kotchkas Design Capability: How Procter and Gamble design the guru spurs growth:- The CEO of Procter and Gamble (PG, which is a big company) trained Kotchka before 2009 about the designing of new packaging system. According to PG, it is the new, improved and attractive packaging system which attracts the new customers easily. PG was mostly influenced by the effective designing strategy of the companies of Japan, especially the cosmetic companies. For example, attractive packaging design of LOreal Praise has helped to improve its sales (Hiebing, Cooper and Wehrenberg, 2012). Case: 3:- ATT manages the ambidextrous organization:- Using the Tuchmans term the leadership of Glenn Lurie of an ATT Explore division helped this telecommunication giant to win a lucrative deal with the Apples iPhone. The trustworthiness, the wireless and innovative business strategy and speedy business decision making etc., are the main reason behind this exclusive relationship between Apple and ATT (Hult, Pride and Ferrell, 2012). Critical Analysis:- Despite of successful imposition of the above mentioned three processes in case of different trainings in different companies, all these three strategies are not free from limitations. That is while providing the training to the new entrepreneurs, the big entrepreneurs sometimes faces different types of problems (Khachidze, 2012). Problem related to the creation of Frugal Experimentation by Cook:- Cook, in his frugal experimentation case study has suggested that the training of new entrepreneurs to start-up a new business should be facilitated by the big companies and they should be trained in such [a manner that they can go for the new innovative ideas. However, practically there are many reputed big companies in this world, which are not succeeded to invent new successful innovative business strategies which causing a slowdown its business growth. As a result they cannot invent the new industries. Particularly in case of consumer technology companies such as Microsoft, Hewlett Packard, 3M, Toyota, and PG etc. also face a common threat in case of product and process innovation. Moreover, this strategy depends on some hypothesis which cannot be true in reality. There is a gap between this hypothetical strategy and the reality (Kotler and Keller, 2012). Problems related to the Kotchkas Design Capability:- The Kotchkas Design Capability also suffers from some challenges in adopting the designing thinking, such as:- Complacency: - Due to heavy success the big companies are very resistance to try the new things and hence cannot encourage the innovation process. Risk aversion: - The big companies will always go for the validity and reliability process of the business strategy to avoid the risk and will not go for the new strategies which are not reliable (Reimer, Pohlmann and Schneider, 2012). Functional silos:- In case of working with the cross functional groups such as finance, marketing and manufacturing, there arise a problem regarding the conflict in decision-making process of the business as each group looks at the problem from their own functional perspectives (Kyriazoglou, 2012). Problem related to the ATT management:- This strategy includes the threat of breaking the trustworthiness and the leakage of information of one company to another one. Especially in case of Apple iPhone there was a high possibility of information leakage in the dealing process which may be harmful for the big companies. Moreover to compete with the competitors it needs fast and flexible business strategies. Bearing the risks:- Despite of these three strategies, the start-up ventures also suffers from the product risk, market risk, financial risk and the competitive risk. Product Risk:- Product risk is a risk associated with the uncertainty of creation of the product. Specially, in case of biotech firms, the producers are not sure about producing the drug which they are expecting to produce. Hence, the start-up companies related with this kind of sectors bear a huge product risk (Lind, 2012). Market risk: - Sometimes the market develops differently as expected by the entrepreneurs. That is it may take a long time to develop and the cash runs out when the company is waiting for the customers (Raconteur, 2015). People risk:- The start-up companies may have some particular experts except whom; they cannot continue their production or operate their business. Financial risk:- Since the new entrepreneurs have very small idea about the financial management, they bear a huge risk due to their bad money management policy. Especially the new entrepreneurs in the financial sector suffer from bad lending policies which can sink them (Mariotti and Glackin, 2012). Competitive risk: - Many new web-based companies started with the new products and they face a high competition in the market for existence of large companies in this field. The risk is more when they start with the small amount of capital and there is no way to lock its customers (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2012). Two cultures problem:- There also exist some risks associated with the difference in culture between the big successful ventures and the start-up ventures. This is known as the two-culture problem. The existing ventures are account for their bulk of their revenues. This includes a finely tuned organizational system support for the current customers and the technologies. They operate under a predictable business environment and the executive goals to hold the stability, efficiency and in the incremental growth process (McGovern and Polk, 2006). On the other hand, the start-up ventures or the new ventures are different in their culture as some of them are born on the basis of the peripherals division of companies establishment. As a result their operation and the financial model become same as the existing business. Hence, no innovation can take place in this case. These companies may only be developed only if the executives try to develop new strategies and business applications. To achieve the success in future they need to adopt the new organizational environment as there is high level of uncertainty associated with the start-up ventures (McKeever, 2012). These kinds of distinctive features between these two types of entrepreneurs also represent three challenges in this case. Firstly, the start-up business suffers from the lack of hard data and also from the undependable financial forecast. There are some common large errors. Secondly, the new business requires the innovation process and the innovation process requires the mavericks. Most of the mavericks cannot distinguish between the bad and the good ideas. Hence, there arises a dilemma problem (Nyjournalofbooks.com, 2015). Thirdly, though the start-up entrepreneurs looking for big companies for training, there is a poor fit between the new business and the old system. Despite the effort of new start-up ventures to innovate the new business strategy, the old big firms still concentrate on the old strategies, especially in case of budget and human resource management (Potter, 2012). Conclusion:- Hence, from the above analysis it can be said that a new start-up company in any economy initially suffers from high business risks and also from the lack of proper investment. Hence, collaboration is needed among the start-up ventures and the big existing ventures, since it is thought that the new start-up ventures have more marketing or business experience than the new one. Hence, it will be possible for the new one to adopt the appropriate and flexible marketing strategies by adopting the training from the new one or following the marketing or the business strategy of the old and big one. There are also some observed cases where adopting the training by the new ventures from the old ventures have provided a fruitful result in the business economy and also for the future growing up process of the new ventures. These types of strategies modified the system in such a manner that there should be less bias in the new business strategy. Besides, some other strategies should be followed by the start-up ventures, such as:- Be open to the partnership: - The start-up ventures should openly or freely exchange the market strategy with the big ventures which is initially acted as a partner with this new venture. There should be a good relationship and trust worthiness among them. Understanding the environment: - Before starting up a new business the start-up venture should well understand the environment of that economic market i.e. the lifestyle and the geography of the customer, the requirements of the customers and the barriers to the market entry from the product. This gives a competitive edge to the new ventures to compete with the existing ones. Target the large unappealing market: - By unappealing the market means targeting the market which has been neglected previously by other companies providing the same goods and services. This will help the new start-up venture to establish its business easily in that market as in that case it will face less competition than other region. This introduction of new products and new business strategies now can easily attract the new customers which is beneficial for the firm. The most essential thing, on which the start-up entrepreneurs should concentrate to adopt the hungry strategy, is the goal of the new venture. However, it is known to them that there are huge problem related to the training procedure of the new entrepreneurs under the big entrepreneurs, they still continue to follow the big companies for the future benefits i.e. to achieve their goal in future. Hence, rather than concentrating on the short-term goals, the start-up entrepreneurs should concentrate on the long-term goals which will help to attract the talented people and the new customers and also the new investors with huge capital which will lead to a sustainable long-term goal in future. 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Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Dz wigo, H. (2015).Business management. Oxford, U.K.: Alpha Science International Ltd. Hampton, L. (2001). Attention start-up companies: watch out for the seven communication errors.Strategy Leadership, 29(2). Harvard Business Review, (2006).Meeting the Challenge of Corporate Entrepreneurship. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2006/10/meeting-the-challenge-of-corporate-entrepreneurship [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Hiebing, R., Cooper, S. and Wehrenberg, S. (2012).The successful marketing plan. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hult, G., Pride, W. and Ferrell, O. (2012).Marketing. Andover: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Hungry start-up strategy: creating new ventures with limited resources and unlimited vision. (2013).Choice Reviews Online, 50(09), pp.50-5087-50-5087. Khachidze, V. (2012).Contemporary research on E-business technology and strategy. Berlin: Springer. Kotler, P. and Keller, K. (2012).Marketing management. 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Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Raconteur, (2015).Keeping culture of hungry start-up - raconteur.net. [online] Available at: https://raconteur.net/business/keeping-culture-of-hungry-start-up [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Reimer, H., Pohlmann, N. and Schneider, W. (2012).ISSE 2012 securing electronic business processes. Wiesbaden: Springer Vieweg. Robbins, S. (2004).Business Plan Risks. [online] Entrepreneur. Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/49042 [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Runge, I. (2009).Mining economics and strategy. Littleton, CO: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. Scarborough, N. (2012).Effective small business management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Venture Capital for Africa, (2012).4 critical issues startup entrepreneurs should consider in building their companies. [online] Available at: https://vc4africa.biz/blog/2012/11/26/4-critical-issues-startup-entrepreneurs-should-consider-in-building-their-companies/ [Accessed 18 Aug. 2015]. Wallis, W. (2012).A beginner's guide to finite mathematics. [Boston]: Birkhauser. Business Description: The BeautiGlow is a company that is situated in London, United Kingdom. This company is a cosmetics and body-care product manufacturing company. Two popular brands of this company are Attitude for its cosmetic products and Pride for its body care range. This company has started its journey from the year 1960. Since then, it has been successfully serving all the U.K people. It has begun its journey by selling only body care products. This company has done intensive research and development before launching a new product range in the market. The main aim of the company behind this research is to offer its customer a high quality product. From the year 1990, this company has started to produce cosmetics products also. Today, this company becomes one of the most popular cosmetic and body care brands of the United Kingdom (Abrams, 2003). From 2006, this company started to expand their business beyond the geographical boundaries of United Kingdom. At present, this company is operating in I ndia, China, Singapore and Malaysia. The name of the person who has been with the company from its beginning is Mrs. Ema Watson. Before starting this business, he was in another body care manufacturing company as an assistant manager. She had ten years experience in this industry which she had successfully utilized to set up her own business (Abrams and Vallone, 2008). The main intention of her life is to offer a wide variety of products without compromising the product quality as she believes that the brand value of a company depend mainly on the quality of the product that it provides to the consumer. Ema Watson had started this business with the capital amount of 500 pounds in her residence. Gradually she expanded this company and now about 3000 people are working in this company. The annual turnover of this company is 100000 pound. The head quarter of this company is located in the Central London. This company has almost 30 outlets all over the United Kingdom and four sub-branch in other countries. The mission of the company is to launch a new perfume brand Essence suitable for both men and women. This company aims to fulfil all the requirements of both men and women for their daily purpose and also for any occasional purpose. Every individual especially woman dreams that they will be look smart and beautiful and elegant all the time. The BeutiGlow helps these ladies with their skin care, body care, cosmetics range (Bates and Basch, 2003). The new addition to these ranges is a variety of perfume that is going to launch on the market within a very short time. This company offers its range of product to the consumer through both offline and online. The consumer can buy products either from the retail stores or from the company website. This company offers free home delivery and cash on delivery option to the customers if they buy from the company website. This company also runs a customer service centre to help the customers to select appropriate products fo r their skin and body. All the products are produced in the own manufacturing units using different herbal products. All the herbal products are grown in companys firm. All the products and also all the raw material are produced under continuous observation to ensure the overall quality. This company is run through the sole entrepreneurship, and it is ISO certified company (Brown, 2004). Business Opportunities: The BeautiGlow is a body care, cosmetics product manufacturing company, and now it prepares to produce a range of perfume. Therefore, it can be said confidently that the potential customer of this company will be mainly women between the ages of 16 to 75. The female citizen of the United Kingdom is very popular for their stylish look as well as glowing, clear skin. The United Kingdom is a very developed country. Most of the urban ladies of U.K are working woman. They do not concern that much about the pricing of the products rather they are very much concerned about the quality of the product. They are very much concerned about their body, skin and how they look. They prefer to spend some time in personal care. A recent trend that emerges in the young generation people is to maintain their youthful looks as much as possible (Brush et al., 2004). Also, this female segment of the entire population likes to use appropriate perfumes when they go outside of the home. This female section i s the targeted audience of this company as they always like to use high quality branded body and skin care products, cosmetics and perfume(Fisher and Shelly, 2002). Since this company is already popular for its existing brands, therefore the new perfume brand essence is expected to win the peoples preferences within a very short period. The preference and the skin types of an individual depend on the region or the society in which the individuals live. Therefore the preference and the skin nature vary country wise. . In the beginning, this company produced only for the U.K people. The rationale behind this is that the lady owner of this company did not have that amount of money to produce products that will meet the preferences of different people (Fullen, 2005). However, after the year 2006, this company started to produce cosmetics and body care products not only for the U.K people but also for the citizens of many Asian countries. Now this company will start to produce perfumes f or the people of different countries and different age group. Now this company becomes a multinational company literally whose headquarter, and all the manufacturing units are in London and some sub-branch in other Asian countries. The demand for the skin care and body care remain high all the time. Therefore, in the United Kingdom many companies are producing these types products and try to acquire a strong market position in the U.K market (Fullen, 2005). Hence, this company often has to face many challenges from its competitor. The main competitors of this company in the U.K market are- philosophy skin care, Clarins, Shiseido, Kiko Milano, Loccitane en Provence, Lush, Babor. These companies are also producing high quality cosmetics products and body care products. Among these companies Babor is well known for its anti-aging cream and Lush is a popular brand of cosmetics product. Loccitane is well known for its luxurious fragrances. However, these companies except philosophy skin care only have an expensive product range that may not be affordable all the class. On the other hand, the beautiGlow manufactures both moderate and expensive product range so that all income class can afford their product. This is the main reason for its popularity (Hirsch, 2005). This company will produce its perfume range for all the people. Therefore, it is expected that this company will be able to acquire high profit and also the popularity from their new ranges (Kapterev, 2011). Marketing Strategy: The below table is used to show the cost and price of different skin and body care products offered by the BeautiGlow company (Kingaard, 2007). SKINCARE PRODUCTS: PRODUCT NAME COST()(0.25oz) PRICE()(0.25oz) FAIR BRIGHT CREAM 36 40 FAIR BRIGHT LOTION 38 40 FAIR BRIGHT GEL 23 25 TOUCH N GLOW 40 45 FAIRNESS PACK 70 80 REMOVE TAN GEL 67 75 SKIN WHITENING GEL 60 65 SKIN WHITENING LOTION 100 120 FRESH LOOK FEASHWASH 30 35 SKIN ERASER 20 25 SKIN ERASER LIQUID 20 25 FACECLEAN LOTION 50 60 ROSE TONNER 20 22 ALOEVERA TONNER 20 22 ORANGE TONNER 20 22 CLEAR CLEAN 40 45 CLEAR OFF 30 35 CLEAR GEL 50 60 DARK CIRCLE REMONING CREAM 60 65 SUN PROTECTION SOLUTION 100 120 SUN PROTECTION GEL 100 120 STOP AGE LOTION 200 250 BB CREAM 500 550 BODY CARE PRODUCTS: PRODUCT NAME COST()(8 OZ) PRICE()(8OZ) BODY MOISTURISERS 500 550 BODY CLEANSERS 330 350 BODY SPA 300 350 HANDS AND FEET 120 130 FULL BODY SCRUBBER 120 125 BODY MILK 450 500 SHOWER GEL 150 200 BODY MASSAGE OIL 100 150 COSMETICS PRODUCTS: PRODUCT NAME COST() PRICE() EYE MASKARA 15 20 KHOL LINER 2.00 5.00 DARK MASCARA 5.00 7.00 EYE PENCIL 4.00 6.00 GEL EYE LINER 5.00 9.00 EYE SHADOE PALETTE 20 25 ORGANIC LIP BALM 10 12 LIPSTICK 15 20 LIPGEL 15 25 NAILCOLOR 7.00 10.00 MAKEUP FOUNDATION 50 65 MAKE UP CREAME 70 80 ESTIMATED FUTURE SALE AMOUNT: The retail market for personal care and cosmetics product is in pink in all over the world. It is likely to grow in the next financial budget by 16%. Therefore, it is expected that the BeautiGlow will earn enough profit in the next few years (Linsenman and Kingaard, 2011). The average sale of other companies producing almost the same product range is 2.5 billion per year. Almost every company has experienced an increase in sales of 5 percent over last few years. According to the report published by the beauty product industry of the United Kingdom, the consumers of the United Kingdom spend about 8.9 billion pounds each year on the purchase of personal care products and this amount is increasing continuously. This Beautiglow company also will launch its new product essence. Therefore, it can be expected that this product launch will help the company to increase its total sale amount by some significant amount. According to the market research conducted by the BeautiGlow company prior to the launch of new product range, it is forecasted that the annual sale of this country will increase to 3.5 million. Moreover, the demand for the cosmetics products and the other product is also increasing in the Asian countries because of its high quality but the affordable price. This increasing demand also expected to raise the sale amount of this company in the Asian countries (Longenecker, 2008). The marketing plan of this company to make the people aware of the brand of this company is discussed below: 1) To maintain the strong market position, this company decides to devote a significant amount on the research and development process so that the company will launch a new product after a certain time interval continuously (McKeever, 2012). 2) The company will hire an efficient, talented market research team so that the team will able to understand the change of preference of the customers of this company and also the requirement of the potential customer of this company. This continuous evaluation will help the company to produce products according to the customers requirement more accurately (Press, 2012). 3) The company will check the quality of its product more consciously as any disparity in the promised quality will hamper the brand value of the company. 4) The company will use popular persons in their advertisement and the product launch campaign programme (Reuvid, 2009). 5) The company will publish attractive advertisement with positive feedback from some popular artist about its brand in the local newspaper, magazine and local TV channel. This will help the company to reach to more number of customers. 6) The company will open more outlets in the populated area (Rogoff, 2004). Business Operations TheBeautiGlow company offers a wide variety of body care and cosmetics products to its customer and intends to launch its perfume section Essence within a short time period. The operation of this company includes Herbal Cultivation, research and development of product, manufacture, quality checking process, packaging and distribution to the retail shops. Another service that should be included in the business operation of this company is customer service centre. The operation department of this company currently employs approximately 1000 people in its head office and other sub-branch, firms, manufacturing units and the exclusive retail centre of this company. This team of worker put a great effort to operate the entire process successfully (Sahlman, 2008). The manufacturing units and the warehouse of this company are so located that the research and development team and also the marketing team of this company can easily connected with each other. Moreover, this company also has almo st 50 logistic centres in the United Kingdom and the Asian countries in which it is operating. All the employees of this company are especially skilled so that they can the best effort for the betterment of this company. The products offered by this company are a wide range of skin care product, body care product, cosmetics products, and essential oils. The new addition to this list is a range of perfumes. The variety of skin care and body care of this company helps the customer to nourish, rejuvenate, repair the damaged skin and also help them to keep their youthful looking. Beauty and skin care are the opposite sides of the same coin. A good skin helps an individual to be more confident. Moreover, the cosmetics and the fragrances which the company plans to provide within a couple of time helps and individual to refresh, remove all the work stress and mental stress. The cosmetic products become the part of daily life of a woman. It gives the woman an elegant, beautiful and decent l ook. Along with these products, this company offers various kinds of services to its customers. The skin type and the colour complexion of an individual vary from other. Sometimes consumers become very confused about which product will be suitable best for their skin. Moreover, sometimes the consumers face some skin problem, and they do not know that how they will resolve the problem. The company has some customer service centre around the United Kingdom and also in the Asia countries where a team of experts check the actual condition of the individual and advice the product range accordingly. This company also provides solution online. The company has free home delivery service and cash on delivery service also. People working in this organization are highly skilled. Since this company is a skin care, cosmetics and perfume manufacturing company, therefore the entire production process needs especially skilled worker. Each section of this company needs workers with different skill a s the work process of one segment is totally different from the other section. All the employees in this company are dynamic, flexible and can able to handle challenges (Sloan and Sloan, 2005). Finance: Income: The following table depicts the income of the company from different sources in the financial year 2014-15. Retail Sales 80,000 billion Wholesale 40,000 billion Catalogue and Internet sales 20,000 billion Total 1,40,000 billion According to the above table, this company has got the highest income from the retail sales. The wholesale amount of this company is 40,000 billion pound that is moderate. However, the company could not gain much through the online sale of their product. Therefore, it can be suggested that the company should emphasize on how they can increase their online selling as modern generation prefers to buy products through online than visiting a retail shop (Small Business - Chron.com, 2015). Expense: Therefore, it can be said the total expenditure is less than the income of the company. Therefore, the company has gained in the last financial year. Herbal Cultivation cost 4000 billion Manufacturing Cost 20,000 billion Storage cost 5000 billion Quality Checking cost 10,000 billion Advertisement Cost 6000 billion Employee cost 40,000 billion Transportation cost 12000 billion Rental cost 3000 billion Total Cost 110000 billion FINANCIAL FORECAST TOTAL SALES GROWTH MARKET SHARE SKIN CARE 30,000 3.50% 30.00% COSMETICS 70,000 2.80% 40.00% BODY CARE 40,000 1.40% 30.00% TOTAL 1,40,000 4.00% 100.00% The above table shows the data of the body care and cosmetics product manufacturing companyBeautiGrow for the year 2014-2015. According to the data last year this company can sell its skin care product range worth of 30,000 billion pound and successfully acquire 30% market share of the total Skincare market in the U.S economy and also in the Asian market. The company sold 70,000 billion pound cosmetics product and 40,000 billion pound body care products last year. The market share of the company in these two product range is 40% and 30% respectively. It can be said from the above data that this company has experienced approximately 3.50% growth in skin care products, 2.80% growth in cosmetics products and 1.40% growth in the body care range (Timacheff and Rand, 2001). The overall market growth of this company in the last year was 4.40%. Therefore, it can be said that the company is in good financial condition, and the brand value of this company in the U.S market and the Asia market is increasing continuously. According to the survey conducted by this company, there is a good market for perfume also in the U.K. Therefore the company is likely to earn good profits by launching its all new perfume range in the U.S market as the company is already popular for its other high quality brand (Strauss, 2011). References Abrams, R. (2003).The successful business plan. Palto Alto, Calif.: Planning Shop. Abrams, R. and Vallone, J. (2008).Successful marketing. Palo Alto, Calif.: The Planning Shop. Bates, M. and Basch, R. (2003).Building running a successful research business. Medford, N.J.: CyberAge Books. Brown, D. (2004).How To Open A Financially Successful Bakery. Atlantic Publishing Group. Brush, C., Carter, N., Gatewood, E., Greene, P. and Hart, M. (2004).Clearing the Hurdles. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Professional Education. Fisher, S. and Shelly, S. (2002).The complete idiot's guide to personal finance in your 40s and 50s. Indianapolis, IN: Alpha Books. Fullen, S. (2005).How to write a great business plan for your small business in 60 minutes or less. Ocala, Fla.: Atlantic Pub. Group. Fullen, S. (2005).Opening a restaurant or other food business starter kit. Ocala, Fla.: Atlantic Pub. Group. Hirsch, A. (2005).Job search and career checklists. Indianapolis, IN: JIST Works. Kapterev, A. (2011).Presentation secrets. Indianapolis, IN: John Wiley. Kingaard, J. (2007).Start your own successful retail business. [Irvine, Calif.]: Entrepreneur Press. Linsenman, C. and Kingaard, J. (2011).Start your own retail business and more. [Irvine, Calif.]: Entrepreneur Press. Longenecker, J. (2008).Small business management. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Longenecker, J. (2010).Small business management. Clifton Park, NY: Cengage Learning. McKeever, M. (2012).How to write a business plan. Berkeley, CA: Nolo. Press, E. (2012).Start Your Own Personal Training Business. New York: Entrepreneur Press. Reuvid, J. (2009).Start up run your own business. London: Kogan Page. Rogoff, E. (2004).Bankable business plans. New York: Thomson/Texere. Rogoff, E. (2007).Bankable business plans. New York, NY: Rowhouse Pub. Sahlman, W. (2008).How to write a great business plan. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. Sloan, J. and Sloan, R. (2005).StartupNation. New York: Currency Doubleday. Small Business - Chron.com, (2015).Marketing Plan for a New Product Launch. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/marketing-plan-new-product-launch-1475.html [Accessed 17 Aug. 2015]. Strauss, S. (2011).Get your business funded. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Timacheff, S. and Rand, D. (2001).From bricks to clicks. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.

Diary Of Anne Frank Essay Questions Example For Students

Diary Of Anne Frank Essay Questions In 1942, when the Nazis began to invade their country, the Frank family went into hiding in an attic of a warehouse. The Franks daughter, Anne, kept a diary through out their horrible ordeal. Minutes before the Franks were captured in their hiding place after a two-year stay, Anne wrote in her diary the words, ?In spite of everything, I still believe that people are really good at heart.? Even though Anne suffered so much her courage and character only grew stronger. Before Anne Frank went into hiding, she led a blissful and joyous life. She was always surrounded by friends and her family was well to do. She was torn away from her happiness and placed into the harsh and cruel reality of the Nazi agenda at only thirteen years of age. All this only because she was Jewish. She stayed locked up in the attic of the warehouse for almost twenty-five months, never being able to step outside. Such repression and life of fear would make almost any teenager completely depressed and more miserable that words could express. However, Anne managed to keep hope for a better tomorrow and her respect for the human race. Anne made a very powerful statement in her last words. To truly believe such a thing after being abused by the Nazis is quite remarkable indeed. I am very sure that most people, including myself, would have thought that the world was a completely corrupt and humans are naturally cruel if theyd have gone through such times. I believe that Anne has the ability to say such a thing because of her great unselfishness and love for all of G-ds creatures. I also believe that if Anne could have written in her diary after she had gone to the concentration camp, she would have said the exact same thing. Because of her cheerfulness and undying courage, Anne was able to keep up the spirits and the hopes of her family. Her never ending love for all people was fueled by the fact that she would never let anyones cruelty and power bring her spirits to the ground. Through all her suffering Annes character o

12 Book Marketing Mistakes Every Author Needs to Ban in 2019

12 Book Marketing Mistakes Every Author Needs to Ban in 2019 12 Book Marketing Mistakes to Ban in 2019 Since the birth of Reedsy, we've had the chance to work with thousands of authors, helping them get their books out there in the most professional possible form - and to sell them.For many authors, selling a book is even harder than writing it. But whether you're self- or traditionally published, learning to market and sell your work is a key factor in author success. In this post, our co-founder Ricardo Fayet shares the 12 most common marketing mistakes he's observed in the past few years.  To make sure you aren't tripped up by these common traps, read on... Which of the 12 most common book marketing mistakes did you make in 2019? #pubtips 1. You’re marketing to everyoneMost of the time, when I ask authors who their book is for, they’ll tell me about their genre: â€Å"It’s for teenagers who are into Fantasy,† for example. Or sometimes, I’ll get an age group: â€Å"It’s for middle-aged women.† It’s not uncommon to hear â€Å"everyone† either.There are two big problems with this. First, you’re setting unrealistic expectations. Unless you come up with the next Harry Potter, not every teenager will read your book. It’s much more likely that only an infinitesimally small portion of them will. Learn more about how Reedsy can help you craft a beautiful book.Which of these traps have you encountered while self-publishing? Or do you disagree, and think that they're not mistakes at all? Let us know what you think and share your experiences marketing your book in the comments below.

Definition and Examples of Grawlixes in Comics

Definition and Examples of Grawlixes in Comics The term grawlix refers to the series of typographical symbols (such as #$%!) used in cartoons and comic strips to represent swear words. Plural: grawlixes.   Also known as jarns,  nittles, and obscenicons, grawlixes usually appear in maledicta balloons alongside the comic characters who are uttering the oaths. The term grawlix was introduced by American comic artist Mort Walker (creator of Beetle Bailey) in the article Lets Get Down to Grawlixes (1964) and revisited in his book The Lexicon of Comicana (1980). Examples and Observations Mort Walker It started out as a joke for the National Cartoonists Society magazine. I spoofed the tricks cartoonists use, like dust clouds when characters are running or lightbulbs over their heads when they get an idea. My son Brian thought I should expand the idea and make a book of it. I spent many hours at the museum going over old cartoons and recording their language. I created pseudoscientific names for each cartoon clichà ©, like the sweat marks cartoon characters radiate. I called them plewds, after the god of rain, Joe Pluvius. I considered it a humor book. When it came out, I looked for it in the humor section of a bookstore and finally found it in Art Instruction. I inquired and they said, Whats funny about it? I said, The names. They said, We didnt know what those things were called. I said, They werent called anything till I called them that. It was another case of satire falling flat. I gave up and am selling it now as an instruction book.–Mort Walkers Private Scrapbook. Andrews McMeel, 2000 Bill Schmalz The symbols that work best [for grawlixes]  are those that fill up space: , #, $, %, and .  Hyphens, plus signs, asterisks, and carets (^) leave too much white space within the body of the  grawlix  for it to look like a single word. Wiktionary recommends #$% as the standard grawlix. This uses the five beefiest symbols in the order they appear on an American keyboard. (If you curse with a British accent, try # £%.)... Because it represents words spoken in anger or excitement, the  grawlix  should always end with an exclamation mark,  even if its an interrogative grawlix:  #$%?! Finally, as a word of caution, you should reserve your use of grawlixes for emails to close friends. Grawlixes are highly inappropriate for professional writing.–The Architects Guide to Writing: For Design and Construction Professionals.  Images, 2014 Shirrel Rhoades Cartoonist Mort Drucker [sic] invented an entire lexicon to describe such symbols.Emanata are lines drawn around the head to indicate shock or surprise. Grawlixes are those typographical symbols that stand for profanities. Agitrons are wiggly lines around a character to indicate shaking. Plewds are sweat drops that convey worry. Squeans are tiny starbursts or circles that represent intoxication or dizziness. Solrads are lines that radiate from a light bulb or the sun to indicate luminosity. And so on. A language all its own.–Comic Books: How the Industry Works. Peter Lang, 2008 Alexander Humez, Nicholas Humez, and Rob Flynn ï » ¿Other symbols reveal the mental or physical state of a character, such as squeans (the centerless asterisk-like burst marks in the air around the head of a drunk), spurls (the corkscrew line above a character who is passing out), crottles (the crosses on the eyes of someone out cold), or plewds (the teardrop-shaped indicators of sweat and/or stress)these last classified by Mort Walker, creator of the long-running Beetle Bailey comic strip, as a subcategory of what he calls emanata, along with the waftarom (the doubled curved line emanating from savory food) and the solrads and indotherms (wavy lines indicating that the sun or other object is radiating heat... ).–Short Cuts: A Guide to Oaths, Ring Tones, Ransom Notes, Famous Last Words, Other Forms of Minimalist Communication. Oxford Univ. Press, 2010

Confusion and Loss of Direction in the 1960s Essay

Confusion and Loss of Direction in the 1960s - Essay Example Released in 1970, the album Let It Be includes popular songs such aslike Let It Be, The Long and Winding Road, Two of Us and Dig a Pony, among others (Beatles 1970). Despite the different topics and situations that the songs present, they commonly project common themes, particularly, confusion and loss of direction of the personas. Confusion and loss of direction are fairly common topics in the music of the 1960s andup to the 70s. Ritzen (2005) and Fendrich (1993) confirm this general atmosphere, which may be attributed to the wars of the time. In the songs of the Beatles, confusion occurs as a main theme, especially in the song Let It Be (Beatles 1970). The song begins with the lines, â€Å"When I find myself in times of trouble, Mother Mary comes to me. Speaking words of wisdom, let it be† ((Let It Be; lines 1-3). The persona expresses being in trouble and seeking divine intervention. The statement, â€Å"let it be† further shows the persona's inability to decide by him and get over with his troubles. Confusion and loss of direction in the songs of the Beatles is mostly associated with travelling, being on transit, or going around in circles. This theme is strongly reflected by the song, Two of Us (Beatles 1970). The song begins with the following lines: Two of us riding nowhere spending someone's Hhard earned pay (Two of Us; lines 1–3) In the lines above, the persona does not know where to go and implies having no goal in life. In the song, Dig a Pony, the persona also demonstrates having no place to go and not thinking of what islies ahead (Beatles 1970). These feelings are expressed in the lines, â€Å"Well you can penetrate any place you go/Yes you can penetrate any place you go† (Dig a Pony; lines 6-7).